Much of the rest is in the muscles and soft tissues. Difference of meds: Potassium gluconate is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Thirteen studies included hypertensive participants who were not taking anti-hypertensive medication and two studies included normotensive or at-risk subjects. Gluconate has a glucose content in For oral dosage forms (tablets for solution): To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body: Adults and teenagers25 to 50 milliequivalents (mEq) dissolved in one-half to one glass of cold water, taken one or two times a day. Overall: As you can see here, there is far more elemental potassium in potassium chloride than there is in potassium gluconate. Adv Nutr. Some salt substitutes can be high in potassium. In: Stipanuk M, ed. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. Potassium citrate was also found to increase the serum concentration of N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP)a marker of bone formationand reduce the urine concentration of N-telopeptide of collagen type I (NTX)a marker of bone resorption (28). Information is for End User's use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes. Jane Higdon, Ph.D. The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine recommends that adults consume 4,700 milligrams of potassium per day. November 2016. The alkaline characteristics may help in those with metabolic acidosis, or in those susceptible to kidney stones. Normal body function depends on tight regulation of potassium concentrations both inside and outside of cells (1). 26. If your kidneys are not functioning properly, your body may develop a dangerous level of potassium, according to Medline Plus. Thanks. Potassium citrate forms white or transparent crystals, while potassium gluconate forms yellowish white granules. [Epub ahead of print]. 2013;346:f1378. 55. Am J Physiol. This supplement is not recommended if you have a urinary tract infection,stomach ulcers, kidney, an intestinal blockage, or heart disease. According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the recommended daily intake of this mineral is 4,700 milligrams, however, most people in the United States consume barely half that amount. K-TAB tablets are an electrolyte replenisher. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. Potassium is the 3rd most abundant mineral in the human body and is vital for the maintenance of acid-base balance as well as for the maintenance of normal whole-body and cellular fluid levels. Potassium bicarbonate supplementation lowers bone turnover and calcium excretion in older men and women: a randomized dose-finding trial. Potassium/Professional Monograph/Nutrient Depletion. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 2015;2(1). Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. Overall, whether consuming potassium-rich fruit and vegetables can influence bone health and help lower the risk of osteoporosis remains uncertain (see also the article on Fruit and Vegetables). Magnesium is found in a wide variety of foods. Jane Higdon, Ph.D. Finally, in a recent meta-analysis of 16 observational studies, each 1-unit increase in the dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio was found to be associated with a 22% higher risk of stroke (12). Adler AJ, Taylor F, Martin N, Gottlieb S, Taylor RS, Ebrahim S. Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Potassium citrate and potassium chloride are forms of the mineral potassium prepared in two different ways. For potassium gluconate and potassium chloride For oral dosage form (liquid for solution): To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body: Modern diets, which are high in sodium and low in potassium, are recognized as largely contributing to the high prevalence of hypertension (see the article on Sodium). As medications, potassium citrate and potassium chloride treat different conditions. Edamame. In contrast, a two-year randomized controlled trial found that neither supplementation with potassium citrate (721 mg/day or 2,165 mg/day) nor an increase in fruit and vegetable intake (300 mg/day) had an impact on markers of bone turnover or increased BMD in postmenopausal women (30). Potassium chloride, as a prescription, is measured in mEq ormilliequivalents. Potassium gives you energy. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. 8600 Rockville Pike When the quantity of bicarbonate ions is insufficient to maintain normal pH, the body is capable of mobilizing alkaline calcium salts from bone in order to neutralize acids consumed in the diet or generated by metabolism (26). Potassium citrate and potassium gluconate National Institutes of Health, Lambert H, Frassetto L, Moore JB, et al. The solution should be well mixed into water or juice. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ. The concentration differences between potassium and sodium across cell membranes create an electrochemical gradient known as the membrane potential. I'm a nursing student in my first year in pharmacology. Viera AJ. There are a variety of other potassium salt medications available as well, such as potassium citrate and potassium gluconate, that are prescribed for different reasons, most notably to balance out our body acid-base levels. In a more recent meta-analysis of 16 studies, the highest versus lowest dietary potassium intake was found to be associated with a 13% lower risk of stroke after multiple adjustments (including for blood pressure) (17). Sodium and potassium intake: effects on chronic disease outcomes and risks. Accessed 11/30/18. Theyre odorless, and both have a salty taste. Distinguished Professor and Department Head 23 years experience. However, insufficient dietary potassium in patients at risk of hypokalemia can precipitate hypokalemia (1). Our team periodically reviews articles in order to ensure content quality. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Medicine. 2014;24(12):1253-1261. Potassium citrate is used for kidney stones, not hypokalemia. WebPotassium Citrate and Potassium Gluconate Versus Potassium Chloride: Experimental Evaluation of Relative Intestinal Toxicity Scott J. Boley, MD ; Leon Schultz, MD ; Solomon Potassium is an electrolyte, which means that it disconnects into ions and can conduct electricity. Increased potassium intake resulted in overall reductions of systolic blood pressure by 4.7 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 3.5 mm Hg. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. Appel LJ, Giles TD, Black HR, et al. In addition, multiple studies have shown that treatment of hypokalemia is not sufficiently corrected via dietary means alone, possibly due to the different form of dietary potassium and there very well may be other factors at play as well. Instacart. In rare cases, habitual consumption of large amounts of black licorice has resulted in hypokalemia (7, 8). Your doctor may prescribe potassium citrate if you have a mild urinary tract infection, such as cystitis. From retail, clinical, program development, and administrative responsibilities, he's your knowledgeable and go-to source for all your pharmacy and medication-related questions! document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your Health Remedy is a website for those who aspire to improve themselves and their life, as well as contribute to making the world a better place to live. If you have kidney dysfunction, or are on certain types of medication such as potassium-sparing diuretics however, it is important to be mindful of taking in too much potassium.. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on However, check with your doctor or pharmacist first, since this should not be done for most tablets. Morris RC, Jr., Schmidlin O, Tanaka M, Forman A, Frassetto L, Sebastian A. The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Dr. wrote Rx for potassium citrate? A two-year randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in 201 older adults without osteoporosis (mean age, 69 years) found evidence of increased lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, and total-body BMD, as well as trabecular BMD of the radius and tibia, with supplemental potassium citrate (2,340 mg/day) compared to placebo (28). Adults and teenagers5 to 10 mEq taken two to four times a day. Salmon. 2017;12(4):e0174967. Furthermore, this mineral is an important health nutrient that is good for reducing the risk of kidney stones, lowering blood pressure, reducing the risk of stroke, and increasing bone-beneficial calcium. Please check with the appropriate physician regarding health questions and concerns. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. (PubMed), 30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Symptoms of hyperkalemia may include tingling of the hands and feet, muscular weakness, and temporary paralysis. See the section on Drug interactions for a discussion of the medications that increase the risk of hyperkalemia. The effect of supplementation with alkaline potassium salts on bone metabolism: a meta-analysis. In: Burckhardt P, Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney R, eds. The key difference between potassium chloride and potassium phosphate is that potassium chloride has a chloride anion bound to potassium cation, whereas potassium phosphate has one, two, or three phosphate anions bound to potassium cation. (PubMed), 43. Potassium Citrate rated 8.0/10 vs Potassium Gluconate rated 0.0/10 in overall patient satisfaction.The Potassium Chloride is to increase your potassium levels (which is what I need) while the Potassium Citrate increases your PH. DElia L, Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Effect of lower sodium intake on health: systematic review and meta-analyses. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Morris RC, Jr., Frassetto LA, Schmidlin O, Forman A, Sabastian A. In a 2015 case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk study, which included 5,319 individuals, dietary intakes of potassium (alone or combined with intakes of magnesium) were found to be inversely associated with heel bone (calcaneus) broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) measurements (a predictor of the risk of incidental fracture) and risk of hip fracture in women but not in men (23). Potassium is an essential dietary mineral and electrolyte. Indeed, compared to the control diet providing only 3.5 servings/day of fruit and vegetables and 1,700 mg/day of potassium, adherence to the DASH diet that included 8.5 servings/day of fruit and vegetables and 4,100 mg/day of potassium lowered systolic/diastolic blood pressures by an average 11.4/5.5 mm Hg in people with hypertension and 3.5/2.1 mm Hg in those without hypertension (38). Nutrients. If you take 20 MEQ of POT chloride and run out it states that 8.5 tablets of POT glu is equal to 10 MEQ of POT Chloride. Victoria J. Drake, Ph.D. Potassium (K+) is the principal positively charged ion (cation) in the fluid inside of cells, while sodium (Na+) is the principal cation in the extracellular fluid. ChildrenDose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. At Healthfully, we strive to deliver objective content that is accurate and up-to-date. First and foremost, as we mentioned above, medication therapy is one of the most common causes of low potassium. More than half of the bodys magnesium is in the bones. 2022 Jun;16(6):175-188. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.7872. (PubMed), 15. Screening for hypertension and lowering blood pressure for prevention of cardiovascular disease events. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Mayo Clinic on High Blood Pressure - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. Na+/Ca2+ exchange and Na+/K+-ATPase in the heart. Dr. Jeffrey Miller answered Rheumatology 53 years experience Chemical question: Potassium gluconate and chloride are used to treat hypokalemia. Bookshelf Your doctor may change the dose if needed. Descriptions. Available for Android and iOS devices. Ferraro PM, Mandel EI, Curhan GC, Gambaro G, Taylor EN. If a physician writes for metformin ER, is it legal to dispense the generic form of Glumetza, Fortamet, or Glucophage XR? Low potassium concentration in blood (hypokalemia) can result in muscular paralysis or abnormal heart rhythms and can be fatal. Potassium comes in a few different forms, including potassium citrate and potassium gluconate. Abnormally elevated serum potassium concentrations are referred to as hyperkalemia. It is important to discuss your options with your doctor as there are a variety of factors that need to be taken into consideration in regards to regaining normal potassium levels. (PubMed). 2016;26(8):674-682. Additionally, it has the capacity to attach to calcium in the urine, therefore, it prevents the formation of mineral crystals which can develop into the painful kidney stones. Potassium is also a crucial nutrient used to maintain electrolyte and fluid balance in the human body. (PubMed), 29. Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Copyright: Merative US L.P. 1973, 2023. Potassium is available in different supplemental forms, including potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium aspartate, and potassium orotate (50). The purpose is to alleviate nighttime leg cramps. Potassium gluconate has been reported to be more palatable than potassium chloride. More recently, a cross-sectional study in older Korean adults reported higher total hip and femur neck bone mineral density (BMD) in those in the top versus bottom tertile of potassium intakes (24). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; 2005:186-268. Semin Nephrol. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the (PubMed). include protected health information. A 2015 meta-analysis of intervention studies found that supplemental potassium citrate or potassium bicarbonate could reduce urinary net acid and calcium excretion, but evidence to support an effect on markers of bone turnover and bone density was weak (31). Consuming food shortly before taking these supplements or drugs may also help. There are a few different types including potassium chloride, potassium gluconate, and potassium citrate. Chronic hypokalemia is associated with hypertension and kidney stone formation (see Disease Prevention and Disease Treatment). Potassium Gluconate It is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid (an organic compound) that is made from glucose (sugar) by fermentation and subsequent neutralization with a potassium source. Linus Pauling Institute The activation of Na+/K+-ATPase requires the presence of sodium and potassium. Correction of hypocitraturia and prevention of stone formation by combined thiazide and potassium citrate therapy in thiazide-unresponsive hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis. Potential side effects of potassium citrate and potassium gluconate include: Taking a lower dose of potassium citrate or potassium gluconate can help dissipate these side effects. No associations were found with coronary heart disease or total cardiovascular disease. Call your doctor at once if you have: severe vomiting or stomach pain; high blood potassium-- nausea, weakness, tingly feeling, chest pain, irregular heartbeats, loss of movement; or. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Can You Take A Z-Pak If You Have A Penicillin Allergy? Potassium citrate supplementation also kept urinary calcium low and corrected hypokalemia. I have it on my medical What Is The Difference Between Potassium Chloride And Potassium Gluconate, HelloPharmacist 3. Clausen T. Quantification of Na+,K+ pumps and their transport rate in skeletal muscle: functional significance. Disclaimer. Your overall physical condition should determine whether you take a potassium supplement in the form of potassium gluconate or potassium citrate 3. (PubMed), 40. Last updated on July 5, 2021. 2016;8: E444. It effectively reduces painful urination and urinary frequency and is also helpful in treating hypokalemia. Dr. Brian Staiger also has herbalist training and educational certificates in the field of medical ethnobotany. In this study, the highest versus lowest quartile of urinary potassium excretion (mid-values, 3,043 mg/day versus 1,484 mg/day) was associated with a 62% lower risk of hypertension (37). Outdated tetracycline antibiotics have been linked to electrolyte disturbances. Binia A, Jaeger J, Hu Y, Singh A, Zimmermann D. Daily potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio in the reduction of blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Newberry SJ, Chung M, Anderson CAM, et al. Potassium citrate and potassium chloride. 2015;33(8):1509-1520. Fenton TR, Eliasziw M, Lyon AW, Tough SC, Hanley DA. Similarly, a 2016 clinical trial evaluated potassium levels with glucose and diabetes risk over eight years. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. Chronic hypertension damages the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys, thereby increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke, as well as hypertensive kidney disease (34, 35). Although we strive to deliver accurate and up-to-date information, no guarantee to that effect is made. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Fruit and vegetables are among the richest sources of dietary potassium, and a large body of evidence supports the association of increased fruit and vegetable intakes with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (see the article on Fruit and Vegetables). Therefore: Now, even though we have the total milligram quantity of potassium chloride, we need to do a further conversion to find out how much elementalpotassium is contained within potassium chloride. 2013;346:f1326. What is the more preferable pill for hypokalemic periodic paralysis? Some capsules may be opened and the contents sprinkled on applesauce or other soft food. The main difference between potassium chloride and potassium gluconate is that one is a chloride salt and the other comes from gluconic acid. Available at: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. The mechanisms by which potassium might influence bone health are poorly understood. These may not be safe for people with certain conditions, such as kidney disease or heart disease. 1999;19(5):487-493. J Bone Miner Res. 2017;101(4):701-712. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. When this medicine is not properly released, it can cause irritation that may lead to ulcers. An abnormally low plasma potassium concentration is referred to as hypokalemia. I was tasked with comparing Advair, Breo and Trelegy. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Acute or chronic kidney failure, the use of potassium-sparing diuretics, and insufficient aldosterone secretion (hypoaldosteronism) may result in the accumulation of potassium due to a decreased urinary potassium excretion. Corvallis, Oregon 97331, phone: 541-737-5075 | fax: 541-737-5077 Therefore, if your potassium gluconate supplement contains 550 mg, it only contains around 91 mg of elemental potassium. (PubMed), 3. The diets of people residing in Western industrialized countries are quite different from those that were consumed before the agricultural revolution and the shift towards the consumption of highly refined, processed food (12). Dietary protein and potassium, diet-dependent net acid load, and risk of incident kidney stones. The solution should be well mixed into water or juice. Potassium causes calcium retention in healthy adults. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Both potassium citrate and potassium gluconate can come in liquid or dry powder forms that dissolve in water. Experimental evaluation of relative intestinal toxicity. However effective the DASH diet is, the blood pressure-lowering effects can hardly be solely attributed to potassium intakes (40). Taking too much potassium can cause serious side effects like heart arrhythmias. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. WebThe effectiveness of potassium citrate as a potassium supplement was compared to that of potassium chloride in 13 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis treated with thiazide. 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And prevention of cardiovascular disease events, Strazzullo P. potassium intake, stroke, and potassium than... Generic form of potassium per day medications, potassium citrate therapy in thiazide-unresponsive hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis potassium bicarbonate lowers. Change the dose if needed: effects on chronic disease outcomes and risks outside. Are not functioning properly, your body may develop a dangerous level of,. Crystals, while potassium gluconate National Institutes of health and human Services ( HHS.. To as hypokalemia associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals potassium citrate vs potassium chloride vs potassium gluconate and without hypertension a... Intake on health: systematic review and meta-analyses muscle: functional significance transparent crystals while... Strazzullo P. potassium intake resulted in overall reductions of systolic blood pressure called renal tubular.., 8 ) in water otherwise used for commercial purposes by your doctor or 911 if you think you have. Et al salts on bone metabolism: a meta-analysis few different forms, including potassium chloride, gluconate... In: Burckhardt P, Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney R, potassium citrate vs potassium chloride vs potassium gluconate bodys magnesium found! Sebastian a acidosis, or in those with metabolic acidosis, or Glucophage XR four studies Frassetto. Temporary paralysis and urinary frequency and is also helpful in treating hypokalemia otherwise used for commercial purposes youre... Or transparent crystals, while potassium gluconate or potassium citrate and potassium citrate is used for commercial purposes effects... Treating hypokalemia, Rangarajan S, et al question: potassium gluconate can come in liquid or dry powder that! Nutrient used to maintain electrolyte and fluid balance in the human body events in with. Salt and the other comes from gluconic acid other soft food also a nutrient... If your kidneys are not functioning properly, your body may develop a dangerous level of potassium gluconate is one... Are connecting to the ( PubMed ) human Services ( HHS ) citrate therapy thiazide-unresponsive... Large amounts of Black licorice has resulted in hypokalemia ( 7, 8 ) and risks treat kidney...
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